| Canonical Name: | VER J2019+368 |
| TeVCat Name: | TeV J2019+368 |
| Other Names: | MGRO J2019+37
2HWC J2019+367
eHWC J2019+368 |
| Source Type: | UNID |
| R.A.: | 20 19 25 (hh mm ss) |
| Dec.: | +36 48 14 (dd mm ss) |
| Gal Long: | 74.99 (deg) |
| Gal Lat: | 0.36 (deg) |
| Distance: | |
| Flux: | (Crab Units) |
| Energy Threshold: | 1000 GeV |
| Spectral Index: | 1.75 |
| Extended: | Yes |
| Size (X): | 0.34 (deg) |
| Size (Y): | 0.13 (deg) |
| Discovery Date: | 2014-04 |
| Discovered By: | VERITAS |
| TeVCat SubCat: | Default Catalog |
Source Notes:
This source was added to TeVCat on 150304.
Source Position:
From
Aliu et al. (2014):
- R.A. (J2000): 20 19 25 +/- 72s (stat)
- Dec. (J2000): +36 48 14 +/- 58" (stat)
Source Extent:
From
Aliu et al. (2014):
- major axis: 0.34 +/- 0.03 (stat) deg
- minor axis: 0.13 +/- 0.02 (stat) deg
- the orientation angle is 71deg east of north
Spectral Information:
From
Aliu et al. (2014):
- Spectral index: 1.75 +/- 0.08 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)
Source Association:
This source was detected in the region of
MGRO J2019+37.
From
Cao et al. (2021):
- VER J2019+368 may be associated with
LHAASO J2018+3651
From
Abeysekara et al. (2017):
- "Source 2HWC J2019+367 is associated with
MGRO J2019+37, which has a
reported extent of 0.7deg from a 2D Gaussian fit (
Abdo et al. 2012). The
extended Milagro source is resolved into two by VERITAS (
Aliu et al. 2014),
VER J2016+371 and VER J2019+368, with brighter emission coming from the latter."
From
Mizuno et al. (2017):
- "This article reports the results of X-ray studies of the extended
TeV gamma-ray source VER J2019+368. Suzaku observations conducted to
examine properties of the X-ray pulsar wind nebula (PWN) around PSR
J2021+3651 revealed that the western region of the X-ray PWN has a
source extent of 15' x 10' with the major axis oriented to that of the
TeV emission."
-"The measured X-ray absorption indicates that the distance to the
source is much less than 10 kpc inferred by radio data."
- "A model calculation of synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton
scattering was able to explain approximately 80% of the reported TeV
flux, indicating that the X-ray PWN is a major contributor of VER
J2019+368."
From
Gotthelf et al. (2016):
- "We present NuSTAR hard X-ray observations of Sh 2–104, a compact
HII region containing several young massive stellar clusters
(YMSCs). We have detected distinct hard X-ray sources coincident with
localized VERITAS TeV emission recently resolved from the giant
gamma-ray complex MGRO J2019+37 in the Cygnus region."
From
Aliu et al. (2014):
- "MGRO J2019+37 is resolved into two VERITAS sources." (VER J2019+368 and
VER J2016+371)
- "VER J2019+368 is a bright extended (∼1deg) source that likely
accounts for the bulk of the Milagro emission and is notably
coincident with PSR J2021+3651 and the star formation region Sh
2−104."
- "The extended emission region contains PSR J2021+3651 and its PWN,
the Hii region Sh 2-104 and the hard X-ray transient IGR J20188+3657,
which are potential counterparts of the observed emission.
- "The young and energetic pulsar PSR J2021+3651 and its PWN, proposed
by many before, seems a likely contributor to VER J2019+368, and
therefore MGRO J2019+37. ..."
- "... However, the picture might be more complex as non-thermal X-ray
emission coincident with Sh 2-104 and an unassociated Fermi-LAT source
(2FGL J2018.0+3626) are also in physical association with this large
VHE emission."
Emission above 56 GeV and above 100 TeV:
From
HAWC Collaboration (2019):
- This source overlaps with eHWC J2019+368 one of nine sources in the
first catalog of gamma-ray sources emitting above 56 TeV presented by
the HAWC Collaboration
- The properties given in the eHWC catalog are the following:
... Source name: eHWC J2019+368
... R.A. (deg): 304.95 +/- 0.07
... Dec. (deg): 36.78 +/- 0.04
... Extension > 56 TeV (deg): 0.20 +/- 0.05
... F (10e-14 ph cm-2 s-1): 1.6+0.3-0.2
... sqrt(TS) > 56 TeV: 10.2
... Nearest 2HWC source: J2019+367
... Distance to 2HWC source (deg): 0.02
... sqrt(TS) > 100 TeV: 4.85
- This source also exhibits significant emission above 100 TeV and is fit with a spectral
model of a log parabola:
... sqrt(TS) of the spectral fit: 32.2
... Extension > 100 TeV (deg): 0.30 +/- 0.02
... Flux normalisation at 10 TeV (10e-13 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1): 0.45 +/- 0.03
... Spectral parameter alpha: 2.08 +/- 0.06
... Spectral parameter beta: 0.26 +/- 0.05
Pevatron:
From
Mitchell (2021):
- this source is included in a list of Galactic sources currently known
to produce gamma-ray emission above 100 TeV.
Seen by: VERITAS, HAWC
-
Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 gamma-ray Galactic sources
Cao, Z., Aharonian, F.A., An, Q., et al., Nature 594 p33-36 (2021) [LINK]
-
Status of Ground-based and Galactic Gamma-ray Astronomy
Mitchell, A.M.W., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2109.13753 (2021) [LINK]
-
The Hunt for Pevatrons: The Case of Supernova Remnants
Cristofari, P., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2110.07956 (2021) [LINK]
-
The Contribution From TeV Halos to the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Background
Xu, Fei and Hooper, Dan, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2111.03646 (2021) [LINK]
-
MAGIC observations of Dragonfly Nebula at TeV Energies using the Very Large Zenith Angle Technique
Zaric, D. et al., 36 p827 (2019) [LINK]
-
Multiple Galactic Sources with Emission Above 56 TeV Detected by HAWC
HAWC Collaboration et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1909.08609 (2019) [LINK]
-
A Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Survey towards the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy
The VERITAS Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
X-ray Studies of the Extended TeV Gamma-Ray Source VER J2019+368
Mizuno, T. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
-
The 2HWC HAWC Observatory Gamma-Ray Catalog
Abeysekara, A.U. et al., ApJ 843 p40 (2017) [LINK]
-
Hard X-ray Emission from Sh2-104: A NuSTAR search for Gamma-ray Counterparts
Gotthelf, E.V. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
-
The VERITAS Survey of the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy
Popkow, A. and for the VERITAS Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
-
Spatially Resolving the Very High Energy Emission from MGRO J2019+37 with VERITAS
Aliu, E. et al., ApJ 788 p78 (2014) [LINK]
Want a reference added? Send a bibtex entry to
the TeVCat Team
