Canonical Name: | TeV J2032+4130 |
TeVCat Name: | TeV J2032+415 |
Other Names: | 0FGL J2032.2+4122 MGRO J2031+41 2HWC J2031+415 VER J2032+414 MAGIC J2032+4127 PSR J2032+4127 MT91 213 2HWC J2031+415 VER J2031+415 eHWC J2030+412 |
Source Type: | PWN |
R.A.: | 20 31 33 (hh mm ss) |
Dec.: | +41 34 38 (dd mm ss) |
Gal Long: | 80.25 (deg) |
Gal Lat: | 1.20 (deg) |
Distance: | 1.8 kpc |
Flux: | 0.03 (Crab Units) |
Energy Threshold: | 1000 GeV |
Spectral Index: | 2 |
Extended: | Yes |
Size (X): | 0.19 (deg) |
Size (Y): | 0.08 (deg) |
Discovery Date: | 2002-10 |
Discovered By: | HEGRA |
TeVCat SubCat: | Default Catalog |
Source Notes:
TeV J2032+4130 is co-located with
PSR J2032+4127, and may be physically associated with it.
Source position and its uncertainty:
On 181018 the source position was updated from that of
Aharonian et al. (2002)
to that of
VERITAS and MAGIC Collaborations (2018).
From
VERITAS and MAGIC Collaborations (2018):
VERITAS:
- R.A. (J2000): 20h 31m 33s +/- 2s (stat) +/- 2s (syst)
- Dec. (J2000): +41d 34' 38'' +/- 36'' (stat) +/- 36'' (syst)
MAGIC:
- R.A. (J2000): 20h 31m 39.7s +/- 2s (stat)
- Dec. (J2000): +41d 34' 23'' +/- 20'' (stat)
From
Abdo et al. (2012):
- R.A. (J2000): 20h 28m 43.2s
- Dec. (J2000): +41d 18' 36"
From
Bartoli et al. (2012):
- R.A. (J2000) 307.85deg = 20h 31m 24s
- Dec. (J2000): 41.75 deg = 41d 45' 00"
- No information on the uncertainty in the position is provided.
From
Abdo et al. (2009):
- R.A. (J2000): 20h 31m 43s
- Dec. (J2000): 40d 40'
... +/- 0.3 deg (stat)
From
Albert et al. (2008):
- R.A. (J2000): 20h 32m 20s +/- 11s(stat) +/- 11s(syst)
- Dec. (J2000): 41d 30' 36"0s +/- 1.2'(stat) +/- 1.8'(syst)
From
Konopelko et al. (2007):
- R.A. (J2000): 20h 32m 27s +/- 21s(stat) +/- 32s(syst)
- Dec. (J2000): 41d 39' 17" +/- 5'(stat) +/- 6'(syst)
From
Aharonian et al. (2005):
- R.A. (J2000): 20h 31m 57s +/- 6.2s(stat) +/- 13.7s(syst)
- Dec. (J2000): 41d 29' 56"8s +/- 1.1'(stat) +/- 1.0'(syst)
From
Aharonian et al. (2002):
- R.A. (J2000): 20h 32m 07s +/- 9.2s(stat) +/- 2.2s(syst)
- Dec. (J2000): 41d 30' 30" +/- 2.0'(stat) +/- 0.4'(syst)
Source Extent:
On 181018 the source extent was updated from that of
Aharonian et al. (2002)
to that of
VERITAS and MAGIC Collaborations (2018).
From
VERITAS and MAGIC Collaborations (2018):
VERITAS:
- semi-major axis: 0.19deg +/- 0.02deg (stat) +/- 0.01deg (syst)
- semi-minor axis: 0.08deg +/- 0.01deg (stat) +/- 0.03deg (syst)
- angle: 41deg +/- 4deg (stat) +/- 1deg (syst) east of north
MAGIC:
- semi-major axis: 0.125deg +/- 0.01deg (stat)
- semi-minor axis: 0.08deg +/- 0.01deg (stat)
- angle: 34deg +/- 2deg (stat) east of north
From
Abdo et al. (2012):
- A fit of a two-dimensional Gaussian gives sigma = 1.8 deg (radius)
From
Bartoli et al. (2012):
- radius: 0.2deg +0.4deg -0.2deg (=12' +24' -12')
From
Abdo et al. (2009):
- spatial extent: 3.0 +/- 0.9 deg
"... much larger than the few-arcminute extent of TeV J2032+413
...There must be another source or sources contributing
...to the Milagro excess."
From
Albert et al. (2008):
- radius: 5.0' +/- 1.7(stat) +/- 0.6(sys) (= 0.08 +/- 0.03 deg)
From
Konopelko et al. (2007):
- Based on the data reported here, the source seen with the Whipple
Observatory 10 m telescope is consistent with a pointlike gamma-ray
source. At the same time, given a 7.6' width of the PSF for the 10 m
Whipple collaboration telescope, we cannot distinguish between a point
source and a diffuse source with extent less than a 6'. Thus, the
Whipple source is consistent with HEGRA source in terms of its extension
From
Aharonian et al. (2005):
- radius: 6.2' +/- 1.2'(stat) +/- 0.9'(syst) (= 0.10 +/- 0.02 deg)
From
Aharonian et al. (2002):
- radius: 5.6' +/- 1.7'
Flux:
From
The ARGO-YBJ Collaboration (2013):
- "the measured flux is also higher than that measured by IACTs, but
with a discrepancy of more than a factor 10."
From
Abdo et al. (2012):
- Flux normalisation for a power law is 2.1 +0.6(stat) -0.6(stat) x10e-10 s-1 m-2 TeV-1 at 10TeV
- The overall flux is subject to a 30% syst. uncertainty
From
Bartoli et al. (2012):
- 31% Crab at energies above 1 TeV
From
Abdo et al. (2009):
- The flux quoted is 0.39 Crab when the flux at
35 TeV of 63.3e-17 /TeV /s /cm2 is compared with that
from the Crab (162.6e-17 /TeV /s /cm2)
also quoted at 35 TeV.
From
Albert et al. (2008):
- 3% Crab
From
Konopelko et al. (2007):
- 8% Crab
From
Aharonian et al. (2005):
- 5% Crab
From
Aharonian et al. (2002):
- 3% Crab
Spectral Information:
From
Abdo et al. (2012):
- the preferred spectral fit is a power law
- Spectral index: 3.22 +0.23(stat) -0.18(stat) +/- 0.1(syst)
From
Bartoli et al. (2012):
- Spectral index: 2.83 +/- 0.37
From
Albert et al. (2008):
- Spectral index: 2.0 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.2(syst)
From
Konopelko et al. (2007):
- the signal does not have sufficient strength to
measure its gamma-ray spectrum adequately
From
Aharonian et al. (2002):
- Spectral index: 1.9 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.3(syst)
Distance:
From
Camilo et al. (2009):
- A distance of approximately 1.8 kpc is proposed.
Source Classification:
From
Cao et al. (2021):
- TeV J2032+4130 / 2HWC J2031+415 / VER J2032+414 may be associated with
LHAASO J2032+4102
From
Benaglia et al. (2020):
- The authors used radio observations to search for counterparts for
gamma-ray sources in the Cygnus region.
- "Radio observations are an effective tool for searching their
possible counterparts at lower energies because the same population of
relativistic electrons responsible for radio emission can also produce
HE/VHE emission via inverse-Compton scattering."
- The Cygnus region is crowded by many gamma-ray sources, most of them
remaining unidentified. In order to find possible counterparts to
unidentified gamma-ray sources, we carried out a deep survey of the
Cygnus region using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 610 MHz and 325 MHz.
- We did a detailed search for counterparts in the error circle of
HE/VHE sources. We report 36 radio sources found in the error ellipse
of 15 HE sources, and 11 in those of VHE sources.
- Eight sources have very steep radio spectral index alpha < -1.5,
which are most likely to be pulsars and will be followed up for periodicity
search. Such a significant number of pulsar candidates within the error
circle of HE/VHE sources prompts fresh look at the energetics and efficacy
of pulsars and pulsar wind nebulae in this context."
From
Abeysekara et al. (2017):
- "Source 2HWC J2031+415 is associated with TeV J2031+4130, a PWN
first reported as unidentified in TeV by HEGRA (
Aharonian et al. 2002).
Various IACTs have reported point-like or up to 0.2deg extended
emissions from the pulsar position, with consistent spectra
(
Lang et al. 2004;
Albert et al. 2008;
Aliu et al. 2014). Milagro
and ARGO have reported extended emission compatible with the Cygnus
Cocoon, as mentioned above. The HAWC flux is more consistent with the
flux measured by Milagro and ARGO than the IACTs, in agreement with
possible additional emission components besides the PWN within the
region."
From
Linden et al. (2017):
- the authors propose that this object is a member of a new class of
TeV emitters - "extended TeV halos"
- "Observations by HAWC and Milagro have detected bright and spatially
extended TeV gamma-ray sources surrounding the Geminga and Monogem
pulsars. We argue that these observations, along with a substantial
population of other extended TeV sources coincident with pulsar wind
nebulae, constitute a new morphological class of spatially extended
TeV halos."
140702: The source classification was updated from UNID to PWN due to
the analyses described below.
From
Camilo et al. (2009):
- A PWN is proposed as the source class for this TeV emission.
- "PSR J2032+4127 is located within the 1sigma extent of TeV
J2032+4130, only 4' from its HEGRA centroid. We therefore propose its
PWN as the source of TeV J2032+4130. Further support for the
association of PSR J2032+4127 with TeV J2032+4130 comes from comparing
their properties with those of other TeV PWNe."
From
Bednarek (2003):
- "We argue that gamma-ray sources observed in the direction of the
Cygnus OB2 association in the GeV and TeV energy range are due to a
pulsar that was created by a supernova a few tens of thousands of
years ago. The GeV emission is produced by a middle-aged pulsar, a
factor of 2 older than the Vela pulsar. The TeV emission is produced
by high-energy hadrons and/or leptons accelerated in pulsar wind
nebulae."
Emission above 56 GeV:
From
HAWC Collaboration (2019):
- This source overlaps with eHWC J2030+412 one of nine sources in the
first catalog of gamma-ray sources emitting above 56 TeV presented by
the HAWC Collaboration
- The properties given in the eHWC catalog are the following:
... Source name: eHWC J2030+412
... R.A. (deg): 307.74 +/- 0.09
... Dec. (deg): 41.23 +/- 0.07
... Extension > 56 TeV (deg): 0.18 +/- 0.06
... F (10e-14 ph cm-2 s-1): 0.9 +/- 0.2
... sqrt(TS) > 56 TeV: 6.43
... Nearest 2HWC source: J2031+415
... Distance to 2HWC source (deg): 0.34
... sqrt(TS) > 100 TeV: 3.07
Seen by: HEGRA, Whipple, Crimea, Milagro, ARGO-YBJ, HAWC
-
Modeling of GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission of Cygnus Cocoon
Bykov, A.M. and Kalyashova, M.E., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2203.09842 (2022) [LINK]
-
Limits on Leptonic TeV Emission from the Cygnus Cocoon with Swift-XRT
Guevel, David et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2211.07617 (2022) [LINK]
-
HAWC observations of the acceleration of very-high-energy cosmic rays in the Cygnus Cocoon
Abeysekara, A.U. et al., Nature Astronomy p (2021) [LINK]
-
Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 gamma-ray Galactic sources
Cao, Z., Aharonian, F.A., An, Q., et al., Nature 594 p33-36 (2021) [LINK]
-
Observation of photons above 300 TeV associated with a high-energy neutrino from the Cygnus Cocoon region
Dzhappuev, D.D. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2105.07242 (2021) [LINK]
-
The Hunt for Pevatrons: The Case of Supernova Remnants
Cristofari, P., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2110.07956 (2021) [LINK]
-
Radio counterparts of gamma-ray sources in the Cygnus region
Benaglia, Paula et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2011.03456 (2020) [LINK]
-
X-ray and TeV gamma-ray emission from the 50-year period binary system PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213
Williamson, Tyler, arXiv e-prints parXiv:1908.04165 (2019) [LINK]
-
Testing the Limits of Particle Acceleration in Cygnus OB2 with HAWC
Hona, B. et al., 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2019) 36 p699 (2019) [LINK]
-
Multiple Galactic Sources with Emission Above 56 TeV Detected by HAWC
HAWC Collaboration et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1909.08609 (2019) [LINK]
-
Massive Stars as Major Factories of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Aharonian, F. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
Constraining cosmic ray acceleration in young star clusters using multi-wavelength observations
Gupta, S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
A Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Survey towards the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy
The VERITAS Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
Periastron Observations of TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from a Binary System with a 50-year Period
The VERITAS Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
-
Using HAWC to Discover Invisible Pulsars
Linden, T. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
-
Correlated GeV-TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Extended Sources in the Cygnus Region
Hona, B. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
-
Multiwavelength monitoring and X-ray brightening of Be X-ray binary PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213 on its approach to periastron
Ho, W.C.G. et al., MNRAS 464 p1211-1219 (2017) [LINK]
-
The 2HWC HAWC Observatory Gamma-Ray Catalog
Abeysekara, A.U. et al., ApJ 843 p40 (2017) [LINK]
-
Suzaku Observation of the Fermi Cygnus Cocoon: Search for a Signature of Young Cosmic-Ray Electrons
Mizuno, T. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
-
Latest results from the ARGO-YBJ experiment
Di Sciascio, G. and for the ARGO-YBJ Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
-
The VERITAS Survey of the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy
Popkow, A. and for the VERITAS Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
-
Observations of the unidentified gamma-ray source TeV J2032+4130 by VERITAS
VERITAS Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2014) [LINK]
-
Identification of the TeV Gamma-Ray Source ARGO J2031+4157 with the Cygnus Cocoon
Bartoli, B. et al., ApJ 790 p152 (2014) [LINK]
-
Recent VERITAS Results on VHE Gamma-ray Sources in Cygnus
Ong, R.A. and for the VERITAS Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
-
TeV gamma-ray survey of the Northern sky using the ARGO-YBJ detector
The ARGO-YBJ Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
-
TeV Gamma-Ray Survey of the Northern Sky Using the ARGO-YBJ Detector
Bartoli, B. et al., ApJ 779 p27 (2013) [LINK]
-
Observation of TeV gamma rays from the Cygnus region with the ARGO-YBJ experiment
Bartoli, B. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
-
Spectrum and Morphology of the Two Brightest Milagro Sources in the Cygnus Region: MGRO J2019+37 and MGRO J2031+41
Abdo, A.A. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
-
Observation of TeV Gamma Rays from the Cygnus Region with the ARGO-YBJ Experiment
Bartoli, B. et al., ApJ 745 pL22 (2012) [LINK]
-
TeV gamma-ray survey of the northern sky using the ARGO-YBJ experiment
Cao, Z. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
-
Detection of X-Ray Emission from the Unidentified TeV Gamma-Ray Source TeV J2032+4130
Murakami, H. et al., PASJ 63 p873 (2011) [LINK]
-
Milagro Observations of Multi-TeV Emission from Galactic Sources in the Fermi Bright Source List
Abdo, A.A. et al., ApJ 700 pL127-L131 (2009) [LINK]
-
The VERITAS Survey of the Cygnus Region of the Galactic Plane
Weinstein, A. and for the VERITAS Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2009) [LINK]
-
The Diffuse GeV-TeV Gamma-Ray Emission of the Cygnus Region
Bi, X.J. et al., ApJ 695 p883-887 (2009) [LINK]
-
Present and future gamma-ray probes of the Cygnus OB2 environment
Anchordoqui, L.A. et al., Phys. Rev. D 80 p103004-+ (2009) [LINK]
-
Radio Detection of LAT PSRs J1741-2054 and J2032+4127: No Longer Just Gamma-ray Pulsars
Camilo, F. et al., ApJ 705 p1-13 (2009) [LINK]
-
Radio Detection of LAT PSRs J1741-2054 and J2032+4127: No Longer Just Gamma-ray Pulsars
Camilo, F. et al., ApJ 705 p1-13 (2009) [LINK]
-
MAGIC Observations of the Unidentified Gamma-Ray Source TeV J2032+4130
Albert, J. et al., ApJ 675 pL25-L28 (2008) [LINK]
-
Observations of the Unidentified TeV Gamma-Ray Source TeV J2032+4130 with the Whipple Observatory 10 m Telescope
Konopelko, A. et al., ApJ 658 p1062-1068 (2007) [LINK]
-
TeV Gamma-Ray Sources from a Survey of the Galactic Plane with Milagro
Abdo, A.A. et al., ApJ 664 pL91-L94 (2007) [LINK]
-
A New TeV Source Confirmed in Whipple Archival Data: TeV J2032+41
Lang, M.J. et al., Ap&SS 297 p345-351 (2005) [LINK]
-
The unidentified TeV source (TeV J2032+4130) and surrounding field: Final HEGRA IACT-System results
Aharonian, F. et al., A&A 431 p197-202 (2005) [LINK]
-
Evidence for TeV gamma ray emission from TeV J2032+4130 in Whipple archival data
Lang, M.J. et al., A&A 423 p415-419 (2004) [LINK]
-
Gamma-rays and cosmic rays from a pulsar in Cygnus OB2
Bednarek, W., MNRAS 345 p847-853 (2003) [LINK]
-
An unidentified TeV source in the vicinity of Cygnus OB2
Aharonian, F. et al., A&A 393 pL37-L40 (2002) [LINK]
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