| Canonical Name: | LHAASO J2226+6057 |
| TeVCat Name: | TeV J2227+609 |
| Other Names: | VER J2227+608
Boomerang Nebula
SNR G106.3+2.7
PSR J2229+6114 |
| Source Type: | UNID |
| R.A.: | 22 27 00 (hh mm ss) |
| Dec.: | +60 57 00 (dd mm ss) |
| Gal Long: | 106.28 (deg) |
| Gal Lat: | 2.84 (deg) |
| Distance: | |
| Flux: | 1.05 (Crab Units) |
| Energy Threshold: | 100000 GeV |
| Spectral Index: | 3.01 |
| Extended: | Yes |
| Size (X): | 0.00 (deg) |
| Size (Y): | 0.00 (deg) |
| Discovery Date: | 2021-05 |
| Discovered By: | LHAASO |
| TeVCat SubCat: | Default Catalog |
Source Notes:
Details of the source detection:
From
Cao et al. (2021):
- "At 100 TeV, the angular and energy resolutions are about 15–20 arcmin
and better than 20%, respectively, allowing adequate spectroscopic and
morphological studies."
- "The statistical significance of the detection above 100 TeV is calculated
using a 0.3deg extension template"
- "Crab Units (CU), flux of the Crab Nebula at 100 TeV; 1 CU = 6.1 x 10-17 photons TeV-1 cm-2 s-1)"
- Significance above 100 TeV: 13.6 sigma
- E_max (PeV): 0.57 +/- 0.19
- Differential photon flux at 100 TeV (CU): 1.05 +/- 0.16
- On-source events/Off-source events: 60/6.2
- Exposure (hr): 2401.3
Source Position:
From
Cao et al. (2021):
- R.A. (J2000): 336.75 = 22h 27m 00s
- Dec. (J2000): +60.95 = +60d 57m
Spectral Properties:
From
Cao et al. (2021):
- "For the three most significantly detected sources, LHAASO J1825-1326,
LHAASO J1908+0621 and LHAASO J2226+6057, we determine their SEDs."
- The authors show "the spectral energy distributions of three
luminous sources with fluxes exceeding 1 CU (at 100 TeV): LHAASO
J1825-1326, LHAASO J1908+0621 and LHAASO J2226+6057. Above 100 TeV,
the spectra of these sources are steep, characterized by a power-law
photon index of approx. 3. However, a closer look reveals that
between 10 TeV and 500 TeV, the spectra experience gradual
steepening with energy. To explore this tendency, the spectra were
fitted by the so-called log-parabola function dN/dE ∝ E-A(E), where
the local photon index A(E) = a + blogE (a and b are free
parameters) characterizes the slope of the tangent. For all three
spectra, the log-parabola fits are preferred over simple power-law
fits. The gradual steepening of multi-hundred-teraelectronvolt gamma
rays is partly due to the photon-photon absorption that occurs
during their interactions with the diffuse far-infrared and
microwave radiation fields."
- For LHAASO J2226+6057 the parameters of the fit are:
... a: 1.56
... b: 0.88
... A: 3.01
Possible Origin:
From
De Sarker et al. (2022):
- the authors "study a pulsar wind nebula interpretation of LHAASO J2226+6057,
which has a relatively well covered multi-frequency spectrum."
- "We have considered different values of braking index and true age
for the fitting of the multi-wavelength (MWL) spectral energy
distribution (SED) of LHAASO J2226+6057. The best-fit PWN model
parameters and their 1 sigma confidence intervals were evaluated. We
have also demonstrated the impact of reverberation on the MWL SED with
increasing time. Additionally, we have discussed the resultant large
radius and low magnetic field associated with the PWN in question, as
caveats for the possible physical connection of the pulsar as the
origin of this high energy source."
From
Cao et al. (2021):
- This list contains sources potentially at the origin of the LHAASO source, together with their class, their distance, age and luminosity
- SNR G106.3+2.7, Supernova Renmant, Distance: 0.8 kpc, Age: approx. 10 kyr
- PSR J2229+6614, Pulsar, Distance: 0.8 kpc, Age: approx. 10 kyr, L_s: 2.2 x10e37
Potential TeV Counterparts:
From
Cao et al. (2021):
- This list contains "Nearby teraelectronvolt sources within 1deg of the centre of the LHAASO source"
-
VER J2227+608
-
Boomerang Nebula
Pevatron:
From
Mitchell (2021):
- this source is included in a list of Galactic sources currently known
to produce gamma-ray emission above 100 TeV.
Seen by: LHAASO
-
Constraints on Axion-like Particles from the Observation of Galactic Sources by LHAASO
Li, Jun et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2401.01829 (2024) [LINK]
-
Study of maximum electron energy of sub-PeV pulsar wind nebulae by multiwavelength modelling
Joshi, Jagdish C. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2205.00521 (2022) [LINK]
-
LHAASO J2226+6057 as a pulsar wind nebula
De Sarkar, Agnibha et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2209.13285 (2022) [LINK]
-
Searches for Neutrinos from LHAASO ultra-high-energy gamma-ray sources using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Abbasi, R. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2211.14184 (2022) [LINK]
-
MAGIC observations provide compelling evidence of the hadronic multi-TeV emission from the putative PeVatron SNR G106.3+2.7
MAGIC Collaboration et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2211.15321 (2022) [LINK]
-
Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 gamma-ray Galactic sources
Cao, Z., Aharonian, F.A., An, Q., et al., Nature 594 p33-36 (2021) [LINK]
-
Strong constraints on Lorentz violation using new gamma-ray observations around PeV
Chen, Liang et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2105.07927 (2021) [LINK]
-
Constraints on Hadronic Contribution to LHAASO Sources with Neutrino Observations
Huang, Tian-Qi and Li, Zhuo, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2105.09851 (2021) [LINK]
-
Ultrahigh-energy photons from LHAASO as probes of Lorentz symmetry violations
Li, Chengyi and Ma, Bo-Qiang, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2105.07967 (2021) [LINK]
-
A Possible Hadronic Origin of TeV Photon Emission from SNR G106.3+2.7
Yang, Chuyuan et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2106.02629 (2021) [LINK]
-
Status of Ground-based and Galactic Gamma-ray Astronomy
Mitchell, A.M.W., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2109.13753 (2021) [LINK]
-
The Hunt for Pevatrons: The Case of Supernova Remnants
Cristofari, P., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2110.07956 (2021) [LINK]
-
HAWC J2227+610: a potential PeVatron candidate for the CTA in the northern hemisphere
Verna, G. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2110.07939 (2021) [LINK]
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