HESS J0632+057

Observation Date (UT)	Observation Lat
	ARGO-YBJ (30.11) ASTRI Mini-Array (28.3) CANGAROO (-31.10 ) CAT (42.50) Crimea (45) CTA pSCT (31.68) CTA South (-24.6272) Durham (-30.48) FACT (28.76) H.E.S.S. (-23.16) HAGAR (30) HAWC (19.0) HEGRA (28.76) LHAASO (29.358) LST-1 (28.76) MAGIC (28.76) Milagro (35.88 ) Potchefstroom (-26.9) TACTIC (24.6) TAIGA (103.07) Telescope Array (39.3) Tibet (30.11) VERITAS (31.68) Whipple (31.68)

Canonical Name:	HESS J0632+057
TeVCat Name:	TeV J0632+058
Other Names:
Source Type:	Binary
R.A.:	06 33 00.8 (hh mm ss)
Dec.:	+05 47 39 (dd mm ss)
Gal Long:	205.67 (deg)
Gal Lat:	-1.44 (deg)
Distance:	1.4 kpc
Flux:	0.03 (Crab Units)
Energy Threshold:	400 GeV
Spectral Index:	2.67
Extended:	No
Discovery Date:	2007-07
Discovered By:	H.E.S.S.
TeVCat SubCat:	Default Catalog

Source Notes:

Source position and its uncertainty:
On 170919 the position in TeVCat was updated from
that given in Aharonian et al. (2007) to the
VERITAS position from Aliu et al. (2014)
From Aliu et al. (2014):
VERITAS position:
- R.A. (J2000): 06h 33m 00.8s +/- 0.5s (stat)
- Dec. (J2000): +05d 47' 39'' +/- 10'' (stat)
- Systematic uncertainty: > 50''
H.E.S.S. position:
- R.A. (J2000): 06h 32m 59.4s +/- 1.1s (stat)
- Dec. (J2000): +05d 47' 20'' +/- 16.1'' (stat)
From Aharonian et al. (2007):
- R.A. (J2000): 06h 32m 58.3s
- Dec. (J2000): +05d 48' 20''
- Uncertainty: 28'' (stat), 20'' (syst)

Period:
From Maier et al. (2019):
The authors report on very-high energy observations taken over more
than ten years with H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS combining to produce
roughly 440 hours of observations. An unusually bright TeV outburst was
detected in January 2018.
- "The updated gamma-ray light curve now covers all phases of the orbital
period with significant detections in almost all orbital phases."
- "The orbital period from gamma-ray data is determined to be:

	318.7 +/- 3.4 days (phase dispersion method)
	316.3 +/- 4.3 days (Pearson correlation coefficient method)

consistent with the measurements of 317.3 +/- 0.7 days at X-ray energies."
From Moritani et al. (2018):
- they carried out high-dispersion spectroscopic monitoring over four
orbital cycles
- "The velocity is seen to increase much earlier than expected for the
orbital period of 315 days, and much more steeply than expected at
around "apastron""
- "The period of the H_alpha modulation is found to be as 308 +26-23 days"
- Swift/XRT data from 2009-2015 were also analysed and used to
conclude that the orbital period is: 313 +11 -8 days
From Malyshev et al. (2017):
- they determine the period to be: 316.2 +1.8 -2.0 d (95% c.r.)
From Aliu et al. (2014):
- the period of this binary system is: 315 +/- 5 days

Distance:
The distance quoted in TeVCat, 1.4, is the median of the estimate
from Aragona et al. (2010)
From Aliu et al. (2014):
- "The optical counterpart of HESS J0632+057 is the massive B-star MWC 148
(HD 259440=LS VI +05 11) at a distance of 1.1–1.7 kpc (Aragona et al. 2010)"

Classification:
From Moritani et al. (2018):
Using the new period that they derived and assuming that the H_alpha
velocities trace the motion of the Be star, the authors derived a new
set of orbital parameters.
- "The mass function implies that mass of the compact object
is less than 2.5 M_sun assuming that the mass of the Be star
is 13.2 - 8.2 M_sun (Aragona et al. 2010) unless the inclination
is extremely small. The photon index indicates that the spectra
becomes softer when the system is bright. These suggest that the
compact object is a pulsar."
From Malyshev et al. (2017):
- " We argue that the observed variability can be explained within a
“similar to PSR B1259-63” model in which the orbit of the compact
object is inclined to the disk of Be star. We show that the observed
X-ray to TeV emission can originate from a broken cut-off powerlaw
population of electrons and describe the way in which future X-ray/TeV
observations can distinguish between proposed and flip-flop emission
model of this system"
From Bongiorno et al. (2011):
- they have detected a 320 +/- 5 day period in XRT data taken over a
period of over two years
There is much evidence to suggest that this source is a HMXRB system:
- Bongiorno et al. (2011)
- de Naurois (2011)
- Hinton et al. (2009)
- Aharonian et al. (2007)

Flux:
From Aliu et al. (2014):
- "The phase-folded light curves reveal several important
characteristics of the high-energy emission: a clear detection of the
source in the phase range 0.2–0.4, around the maximum of the X-ray
light curve, with a flux of 2%–3% of that of the Crab Nebula; a first
detection of a gamma-ray emission component at orbital phases in the
range 0.6–0.9, in which a secondary peak in the X-ray light curve is
also observed; and a non-detected low state at all other orbital
phases."
From Aleksic et al. (2012):
- flux measured corresponds to about 4% of the Crab Nebula flux at an
orbital phase of ~0.3 after periastron

Spectral Information:
From Maier et al. (2017):
- All orbital phases (2006-2017), spectral index: 2.67 +/- 0.05
- Orbital phase 0.2-0.4 (2006-2017), spectral index: 2.70 +/- 0.06
- Orbital phase 0.4-0.6 (2006-2017), spectral index: n/a
- Orbital phase 0.6-0.8 (2006-2017), spectral index: 2.55 +/- 0.13
- Orbital phase 0.8-0.2 (2006-2017), spectral index: 2.67 +/- 0.2
From Aliu et al. (2014):
- VERITAS 2010 data (orbital phase 0.2–0.4), spectral index: 2.2 +/- 0.4
- VERITAS 2011 data (orbital phase 0.2–0.4), spectral index: 2.5 +/- 0.2
- VERITAS 2012 data (orbital phase 0.2–0.4), spectral index: 2.3 +/- 0.2
- H.E.S.S. 2004-2012 data (orbital phase 0.2–0.4), spectral index: 2.3 +/- 0.2
- VERITAS 2010-2012 data (orbital phase 0.2–0.4), spectral index: 2.6 +/- 0.1
- H.E.S.S. 2004-2012 data (orbital phase 0.6–0.9), spectral index: 2.4 +/- 0.2
- H.E.S.S. 2004/2005 data, spectral index: 2.53 +/- 0.6
- MAGIC 2012 data, spectral index: 2.6 +/- 0.3
From Aleksic et al. (2012):
- Spectral index: 2.6 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.2(syst)
From Aharonian et al. (2007):
- Spectral index: 2.53 +/- 0.26(stat) +/- 0.2(syst)

Fermi results:
From Li et al.
"HESS J0632+057 is the only gamma-ray binary that has been detected at
TeV energies, but not at GeV energies yet. Based on nearly nine years
of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Pass 8 data, we report here on a
deep search for the gamma-ray emission from HESS J0632+057 in the
0.1-300 GeV energy range. We find a previously unknown gamma-ray
source, Fermi J0632.6+0548, spatially coincident with HESS J0632+057."
From Hill & Caliandro for the Fermi LAT Collaboration (2013):
- "... HESS J0632+057 remains the only known gamma-ray binary to not
be detected by the LAT."


Seen by: H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS

• Recent MAGIC results on Galactic binaries
  Molina, E. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2209.10226 (2022) [LINK]
  
• Investigation of the Broadband Emission of the Gamma-Ray Binary HESS J0632+057 Using an Intrabinary Shock Model
  Kim, Jinyoung et al., ApJ 936 p32 (2022) [LINK]
  
• 3D RMHD simulations of the Gamma-ray binaries
  Barkov, Maxim V. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2211.12053 (2022) [LINK]
  
• Relativistic fluid modelling of gamma-ray binaries. I. The model
  Huber, D. et al., A&A 646 pA91 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Observation of the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS telescopes
  Adams, C.B. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2109.11894 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Multi-Wavelength Observation Campaign of the TeV Gamma-Ray Binary HESS J0632+057 with NuSTAR, VERITAS, MDM, and Swift
  Tokayer, Y.M. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2110.01075 (2021) [LINK]
  
• X-ray imaging observations of the high-mass gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057
  Kargaltsev, Oleg et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2111.03736 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Modelling the correlated keV/TeV light curves of Be/gamma-ray binaries
  Chen, A.M. and Takata, J., arXiv e-prints parXiv:2112.00345 (2021) [LINK]
  
• Gamma-ray binaries
  Chernyakova, Maria and Malyshev, Denys, arXiv e-prints parXiv:2006.03615 (2020) [LINK]
  
• Combined VERITAS and NuSTAR observations of the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057
  Prado, Raul R. et al., arXiv e-prints parXiv:1908.03083 (2019) [LINK]
  
• Long-term gamma-ray observations of the binary HESS J0632+057 with H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS
  Maier, G. et al., 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2019) 36 p732 (2019) [LINK]
  
• The gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 is in an unusually high X-ray and TeV emission state.
  Mukherjee, R. for the VERITAS Collaboration, The Astronomer's Telegram 11223 p1 (2018) [LINK]
  
• Orbital solution leading to an acceptable interpretation for the enigmatic gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057
  Moritani, Y. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• A hydrodynamics-informed, radiation model for HESS J0632+057 from radio to gamma rays
  Barkov, M. and Bosch-Ramon, V., ArXiv e-prints p (2018) [LINK]
  
• GeV detection of HESS J0632+057
  Li, J. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Modeling the GeV emission of HESS J0632+057
  Yi, S.-X. and Cheng, K.S., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Sizing up the population of gamma-ray binaries
  Dubus, G. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• HESS J0632+057: hydrodynamics and nonthermal emission
  Bosch-Ramon, V. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• VHE Observations of Galactic binary systems with VERITAS
  Maier, G. and the VERITAS Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Decade-long X-ray observations of HESS J0632+057
  Malyshev, D. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Uncovering the identities of compact objects in high-mass X-ray binaries and gamma-ray binaries by astrometric measurements
  Yamaguchi, M.S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2017) [LINK]
  
• Very high energy Fermi/LAT detection of HESS J0632+057
  Malyshev, D. and Chernyakova, M., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• A Decade of TeV Observations of the Gamma-ray Binary HESSJ0632+057 with VERITAS
  Schlenstedt, S., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• First multicolour polarimetry of TeV gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 close to periastron passage
  Yudin, R.V. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2016) [LINK]
  
• Probing the nature of the TeV gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 by monitoring Be disk variability
  Moritani, Y. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• Long-term TeV Observations of the Gamma-ray Binary HESS J0632+057 with VERITAS
  Maier, G. and for the VERITAS Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2015) [LINK]
  
• The interstellar and intrinsic polarizations of HESS J0632+057
  Yudin, R.V., MNRAS 445 p1761-1765 (2014) [LINK]
  
• Long-term TeV and X-Ray Observations of the Gamma-Ray Binary HESS J0632+057
  Aliu, E. et al., ApJ 780 p168 (2014) [LINK]
  
• INTEGRAL & RXTE View of Gamma-ray Binaries
  Li, J. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• Fermi-LAT study of two gamma-ray binaries, HESS J0631+057 and AGL J2241+4454
  Mori, M. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• Hunting for GeV emission from the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057
  Hill, A.B. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• Periodic radio morphology of gamma-ray binaries
  Moldon, J. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• Observations of TeV binary systems with the H.E.S.S. telescope
  Bordas, P. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• VERITAS Observations of TeV Binaries
  Andrew W.Smith for the VERITAS Collaboration, ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• Gamma-ray binaries and related systems
  Dubus, G., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• The missing GeV Gamma-ray binary: searching for HESS J0632+057 with Fermi-LAT
  Cali et al., MNRAS p (2013) [LINK]
  
• The stability of strong waves and its implications for pulsar wind shocks
  Mochol, I. and Kirk, J., p (2013) [LINK]
  
• Long-term TeV and X-ray Observations of the Gamma-ray Binary HESS J0632+057
  VERITAS Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2013) [LINK]
  
• On the binary nature of the gamma-ray sources AGL J2241+4454 (=MWC 656) and HESS J0632+057 (=MWC 148)
  Casares, J. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
  
• Detection of VHE gamma rays from HESS J0632+057 during the 2011 February X-ray outburst with the MAGIC Telescopes
  The MAGIC Collaboration et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
  
• The strange case of HESS J0632+057 and the gamma-ray High Mass X-ray Binaries
  Cali et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
  
• VERITAS and H.E.S.S. observations of the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057
  Bordas, P. and Maier, G., ArXiv e-prints p (2012) [LINK]
  
• Observation of binary systems at very-high energies with VERITAS
  Maier, G. and VERITAS Collaboration, 1505 p362-365 (2012) [LINK]
  
• The TeV binary HESS J0632+057 in the low and high X-ray state
  Rea, N. and Torres, D.F., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• A New TeV Binary: The Discovery of an Orbital Period in HESS J0632+057
  Bongiorno, S. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• Increased X-ray activity and likely binary period of HESS J0632+057 Observed by Swift-XRT
  Falcone, A. et al., The Astronomer's Telegram 3152 p1-+ (2011) [LINK]
  
• VERITAS Reports Increased Activity of HESS J0632+057 in Very High Energy Gamma Rays
  Ong, R.A. for the VERITAS Collaboration, The Astronomer's Telegram 3153 p1-+ (2011) [LINK]
  
• MAGIC confirms VHE gamma-ray emission from HESS J0632+057 between 7-9 Feb 2011
  Mariotti, M., The Astronomer's Telegram 3161 p1-+ (2011) [LINK]
  
• Detection of radio emission at mas scales from HESS J0632+057 with the e-EVN
  Moldon, J. et al., The Astronomer's Telegram 3180 p1-+ (2011) [LINK]
  
• Absence of radial velocity variations in MWC 148 during the recent activity of HESS J0632+057
  Casares, J. et al., The Astronomer's Telegram 3209 p1-+ (2011) [LINK]
  
• Revealing the extended radio emission from the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057
  Moldon, J. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• MAGIC detection of the putative gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057
  Jogler, T. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• VHE Observations of the Binary Candidate HESS J0632+057 with H.E.S.S. and VERITAS
  Maier, G. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2011) [LINK]
  
• VERITAS Reports Activity from HESS J0632+057 in Very High Energy Gamma Rays
  Ong, R.A., The Astronomer's Telegram 3791 p1 (2011) [LINK]
  
• HD 259440: The Proposed Optical Counterpart of the Gamma-ray Binary HESS J0632+057
  Aragona, C. et al., ApJ 724 p306-312 (2010) [LINK]
  
• HESS J0632+057: A New Gamma-Ray Binary?
  Hinton, J.A. et al., ApJ 690 pL101-L104 (2009) [LINK]
  
• Evidence for Long-Term Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Variability from the Unidentified TeV Source HESS J0632+057
  Acciari, V.A. et al., ApJ 698 pL94-L97 (2009) [LINK]
  
• The radio counterpart of the likely TeV binary HESS J0632+057
  Skilton, J.L. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2009) [LINK]
  
• Probing the Nature of the unidentified TeV Gamma-ray source HESS J0632+057 with Swift
  Falcone, A.D. et al., ArXiv e-prints p (2009) [LINK]
  
• Discovery of a point-like very-high-energy gamma-ray source in Monoceros
  Aharonian, F.A. et al., A&A 469 pL1-L4 (2007) [LINK]
  

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